This book provides a comprehensive review of diagnosis and treatments of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) for practitioners and researchers with an interest in this disease. A major aim of the book is to present the most important and most recent advances in molecular bases and targeted therapy for this neoplasm. The remarkable resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy and the minimum contribution of cancer genes that commonly mutate in other adult epithelial cancers have made RCC highly distinct from other types of solid neoplasms. In the past decade, however, treatment options for RCC have been expanding and moving quickly toward laboratory-based and molecular-targeted therapies. Advances in RCC therapy also have brought novel treatment options to other types of cancer, such as a TKI for hepatocellular carcinoma and gastrointestinal tumors, as well as mTOR inhibitors to progressive neuroendocrine tumors of pancreatic origin and to breast cancer, suggesting that RCC is no longer an "orphan disease" in the field of molecular oncology. Additional topics covered in the book include pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in molecular-targeted agents and the putative mechanism of resistance to anti-angiogenic agents, such as intratumoral heterogeneity or cancer stem cell population. This volume provides the latest and most useful information for all readers who are eagerly devoted to curing renal cell carcinoma.

Chapter 1 Epidemiology of Renal Cell Carcinoma.- Chapter 2 Hereditary Renal Cell Carcinoma.- Chapter 3 Molecular Genetics of Renal Cell Carcinoma.- Chapter 4 Pathology of Renal Cell Carcinoma.- Chapter 5 Imaging Features of Renal Cell Carcinoma: Differential Diagnosis, Staging and Post-Treatment Evaluation.- Chapter 6 Treatment Overview.- Chapter 7 Natural History and Active Surveillance.- Chapter 8 Surgical Treatment for Renal Cell Carcinoma.- Chapter 9 Predictive and Prognostic Markers in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma.- Chapter 10              Tyrosine-Kinase Inhibitors: Sorafenib, Sunitinib, Axitinib, Pazopanib.- Chapter 11 Mammalian Targets of Rapamycin Inhibitors: Temsirolimus, Everolimus.- Chapter 12 Immunotherapy for Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC): Including Immune Checkpoint Blockade Therapy.- Chapter 13 Treatment for Non-Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma.- Chapter 14 Forthcoming Drugs for Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Therapy.- Chapter 15 Refractory Mechanisms.- Chapter 16 Optimization of Therapy by Pharmacokinetic: Pharmacodynamic Analyses.